Part I

Lesson 2 Discussion

The two stories by Angelou and Cofer read for this week use a lot of description! The best kinds of description are those that use the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. These leave a lasting impression much stronger than just “telling” what happened. As a golden rule of description, “Show; don’t tell!” What is each author’s thesis (main idea)? What descriptions do they use to develop that main idea?

Lesson 2 Major Errors Discussion

1. Complete the following exercises from The St. Martin’s Handbook. Be sure to identify clearly the exercise, and write down the number of the question and the correct answer in full. Place all answers in one document

• Exercise 37.1 (Underline the complete subject and bold the simple subject)
• Exercise 39.1
• Exercise 39.5
• Exercise 40.1
• Exercise 41.2
• Exercise 41.4
• Exercise 46.1
• Exercise 47.1
• Exercise 55.1

2. Post ALL of the exercises you completed as an attached file in your first posting to this discussion board. You will not be able to see other postings until you have posted your work. You will not be able to edit your own posts, so make sure that you attach your exercises in that first posting. You will not receive credit if you post “accidentally” the first time and then later post your homework because it would not be fair for you to have access to everyone else’s posted answers before posting your own exercises.

3. Review the exercises completed by at least two others. Spot at least five errors and explain the correct answers in your replies. Of course, no one is expected to be “perfect” in grammar, but sometimes, we are better able to spot errors in others’ work more easily than in our own. The purpose is to train your eye to look for these types of errors as practice for improving in these areas yourself in addition to providing helpful advice to others.NOTE: Your grade will be based on (1) the accuracy of your answers to the exercises that you provide in your first posting AND (2) your two replies to others made a clear attempt to be helpful.

GuidelinesYour participation is a valuable resource for both you and your classmates! Collaboration with me and others in the class is a great opportunity to practice critical thinking, reading, and writing. These discussions provide you the chance to:

• Read closely and write substantively.
• Explore writing strategies through practice exercises.
• Practice grammar and mechanics.

You must post at least TWO messages of 150-words each to the discussion board on two NON-consecutive days EVERY week. Why non-consecutive days? You must give me and others as chance to read and respond to your posted messages before you respond again. This way, we can have a real discussion by giving others time to read/respond.

You are encouraged to participate much more than the minimum two messages each week! I post MANY follow-up questions/comments, and responding to me counts as one of your two required participation postings.

Each week begins on Monday and ends on Sunday. The dates for each week’s discussion are provided in the Syllabus.

You must also READ all of the postings from me and your classmates posted to the discussion board! Think of the discussions like a classroom meeting. Read everyone’s postings just like you would listen to everyone speak in a classroom meeting.

Keep the following important points in mind:

• Appropriate postings to the message board advance the discussion of the topics for the week in some way. Your postings to the discussion board might do any of the following:

• Respond to my questions.
• Ask your own questions about the week’s readings.
• Reply to the postings by others in the class.
• Provide examples to illustrate an idea.
• Present new information or research on a subject.
• Discuss any aspect of that week.

• My postings to the discussion board will often include practice exercises, additional examples, and suggestions and “hints” for assignments and exams. You are HIGHLY encouraged to reply to my messages by answering my questions and/or completing the practice exercises. You are not, however, required to respond to any or all of my messages. (I will always post the first message in the discussion board to “jumpstart” the discussions for that week.)
• These class discussions replace in-person class meetings. During in-person class meetings, we would talk with each other. Since we in an online class will be in the discussions at different times, we must post on non-consecutive days each week to give others the chance to read and reply to our messages AND give us the chance to read and reply to the messages posted by others. This is our way to “talk” with each other.
• Non-consecutive days are defined as 48 hours. For example, if you post on Monday, then you must post at least once more on Wednesday or any day after Wednesday of that week. For example, if you post eight times on Monday and once on Tuesday, you will not receive full credit for the week because Monday and Tuesday are consecutive days.
• No research is required, but adding and explaining how a source (like a website) helps our understanding of a topic is a great addition to the discussion.
• If you use any direct quotations, then use MLA style to cite them. To “cite” means to provide information to find the quotation. The needed information is the author’s name and page number (or paragraph number if those are provided). For example:

• Author in sentence and page number in parentheses: John Smith said, “You are lovely” (39).
• Author in sentence and paragraph number in parentheses: John Smith said, “You are lovely” (para. 5).
• Author and page number in parentheses: Not everyone thinks it, but “you are lovely” (Smith 39).
• Author and paragraph number in parentheses: Not everyone thinks it, but “you are lovely” (Smith, para. 39).

Part II 

Write a 500-750 word essay using description as the chief method of development. Choose one of the following topics:

• A coffee shop, bus shelter, newsstand, or some other small place
• A favorite food
• A favorite item of clothing
• A person
• An ordeal or challenge you experienced

(If you would like to write about a different topic, send me a message describing this other topic. I must approve the topic before you write about it because some topics might not be good for this type of essay.)

Guidelines

Description focuses on developing an idea about something or someone. Description focuses on the following elements:

• Physical sensory description (how it sounds, smells, tastes, feels, or looks)
• Emotional description (how it makes you or others feel)
• Intellectual description (why it is important to something)

Choose a subject (a person, a place, an object, etc.) that you know well, for you will need to include many specific details and this can be difficult with a subject with which you are largely unfamiliar. It also helps to choose a subject for which you feel something (positive or negative) as it is difficult to write with interest (or to inspire interest in your readers) about a subject for which you feel nothing.

Give your description a sense of life by using multi-sensory details. Description must appeal to the senses: taste, touch sound, sight, and smell. While you need not appeal to every sense in your essay, be sure to give the reader enough description so that he/she can be a part of your topic’s development.

Sight is the easiest of the five senses to use; perhaps because the other senses are used less frequently by us in real life, they have a stronger impact when these senses are used to describe. The more senses you appeal to in your description, the stronger your description will be and the more completely your reader will understand your subject. Imagine you are describing the subject to a blind person—in some ways you are! In your essay, you show your readers a subject with which they are unfamiliar and in all likelihood unable to ever see.

Begin by listing as many details about your subject as you can think of. From there, you can choose the strongest details and discard the rest; if your list is complete enough, you will have too many details to fit into one essay. Then, group the details into logical (themed) sub-groups that you can turn into paragraphs.

For example, an essay describing a cat might be organized like this: 

Body Paragraph 1: Physical Characteristics

• Small, fine-boned
• Grey, with a white strip from her nose, running down her chin and then down her belly
• Medium-length hair

Body Paragraph 2: Personality

• Alternately playful, cuddly, and anti-social
• Frequently prefers to be near, but not with, a person
• Does not like to be alone
• When she thinks she is alone, she will cuddle a while with the first person she sees
• Loves to attack people’s hands and shoes

Body Paragraph 3: Habits

• Is definitely a creature of habit
• To signal that she wishes to be taken outside or that she is not finished playing, she pounces on a person’s calf
• Once something occurs in one place, it must occur only in that place from now on
  • Because she was once played with underneath the living room table, she will run under the table when she sees someone take out one of her toys
  • Has one specific spot in the living room in which she likes to have her belly rubbed; outside of that spot, she will bite the hand of a person who tries to rub her belly

Your thesis will identify the subject of your description and should make some statement about that subject. What is the single main idea that you want your reader to remember about the thing or person you are describing? That’s your thesis statement!

A thesis might be a lesson you learned from your subject or a strong emotional reaction to your subject. For example, if your description is about your well-beloved car, you might say that this car represents your desire to have the best things in life. Writing about an animal, you might say that owning a dog taught you responsibility. Possibilities abound. Considering why you chose to write about your subject and what importance that subject has to you will guide you to a thesis statement.

In your conclusion, refer back to your thesis, indicating again what significance your subject holds for you. The conclusion is your opportunity to talk about why this subject is important.

What should you avoid doing?

• Avoid conversational words and phrases. Do not begin sentences with “Well,…” as in, “Well, I was sure wrong about how long the hike would take”. Such an opening is informal and wrong for an academic essay—even when that essay is a less formal description.
• Avoid talking directly to readers (“As you might have guessed, I was tired and sore by the end of the hike”).
• Avoid clichés, such as “she was as radiant as the sun.” When adding details or figurative language (similes or metaphors), use your own words rather than commonly-used phrases. Such phrases, because they are neither unique nor original, lack life. It is much better to consider exactly what you mean by them, and then to say that.

Ultimately, the assignment calls for a little creativity as you bring to life a subject for your reader. Try to have a little fun with it!

Resources

• Descriptive Essay of an Ordeal or Challenge You Experienced
• Things to Consider as You Write Your Descriptive Essay
• Descriptive Writing with a Professional Writer
• Types of Essays and Student Samples
• Writing Descriptions

Requirements

• The body of the essay is 500-750 words. The word count includes those words from the first word of the introduction paragraph to the last word of the conclusion paragraph (not the heading or outline words). Choose a topic that can be discussed in depth and detail within this requirement. This is a test of your ability to narrow or broaden a topic appropriately for the purpose!
• Include an outline as the last page of the essay. This is different than MLA style, which requires the outline to be the first page of the essay, but putting the outline last makes page numbering easier because you do not need to switch between i, ii, iii… numbering and can use only 1, 2, 3… numbering. The first page should be page 1 and the outline should be the last page number.
• Do not use research.
• Use MLA Style to format the essay. Specifically, remember to include a heading on the first page, a header with your last name and page number on each page, and double spacing. See the MLA Style Resources for an example essay formatted according to MLA Style!
• Submit the completed essay by the due date using the link provided beneath this assignment description. (The due date is on the Syllabus.)
• Five points are deducted for each day late. (The due date is on the Syllabus.)
• The essay must be submitted in MS Word (.doc) or Rich Text Format (.rtf). See the instructions in the Syllabus and an announcement early in the course for instructions on how to save in Rich Text Format if you do not use MS Word.

Part III

Post your rough draft (1 point) and complete a peer review for at least one other person in the class (4 points). Completing a peer review online requires several steps:

1. Post a message to the Peer Review Discussion Board and attach a complete draft (500-750 words) of your essay to this message by the date indicated on the Syllabus for that essay.
2. Review at least ONE other person’s paper (but you may do more).
3. Answer EACH of the following questions. Be as detailed as possible, and use specific examples to explain your comments.

1.     Content DevelopmentWhat is the main idea of the essay? Do you have any suggestions for clarifying or modifying this main idea?Is there enough evidence to support the main ideas of each paragraph? If not, what other evidence might the author use?Are the main ideas of each paragraph logically supported by the examples and evidence in each paragraph? If not, what suggestions do you have to improve?Does the essay accomplish the purpose of the assignment? (For example, does Essay 1 effectively describe using sensory details, does Essay 2 provide a good story, does Essay 3 use strong examples, does Essay 4 compare/contrast with good reasons, and does Essay 5 provide a clear argument?)2.     OrganizationAre the main ideas of each paragraph in a logical order to support the main idea of the essay? If not, what suggestions do you have to improve?Are transitions used within and between paragraphs to move the reader logically to the next point? If not, what suggestions do you have to improve?3.     Language and MechanicsAre there any problems with sentence structure, such as run-on sentences, comma splices, or fragments? If so, what suggestions do you have to improve?Are there any proofreading errors? If so, what suggestions do you have to improve?4.     OverallWhat part was the most effective or interesting?Was the main idea effectively communicated? Why or why not?

1. Post a reply message to the Peer Reviews Discussion Board and include your completed peer review feedback by the date indicated on the Syllabus.
2. Review the comments others provide for your research paper, and consider using these comments to revise your paper before submitting it for a grade. 

Of course, submit your revised essay to me for grading and commenting by the due date indicated on the Syllabus.   

Guidelines

• You MUST use the above steps to complete a peer review for each essay. Pay close attention to the due dates!

• Review the requirements, guidelines, and grading rubric for each essay. Make suggestions to help your peer meet these requirements, use these guidelines, and achieve the highest grade possible.